LIFE PROCESS -1

Respiration



3 view of diaphragm


Video of a dogs breathing

CBSE class 10- preparation for exam 2010 Biology

Preperation for class 10 has to be done as soon as the beginning of school. Go through the text and write what possible questions and answers you can make from the portions and write down the answers for it.

There are 4 lessons in Biology for class 10.

The four lessons are Chapter 6 life processes, Chapter 7 control and coordination, chapter 8 How do organisms reproduce, Chapter 9 Heredity and evolution.


Your base for class 9th should be strong as well. Try to finish of the portions soon and do as many sample questions as possible. Always try to finish of the questions in time. Many times finishing of the questions within the stipulated time is very important.

Tissues -3

8. Differentiate between striated, unstriated and cardiac muscles.

 

Characters	Striated	Unstriated	Cardiac
1. Location	In the limbs, tongue, pharynx, beginning of oeshophagus.	In wall of visceral organs, in hair muscles.	Form the myocardium of the heart.
2. Structure	In the limbs, tongue, pharynx, beginning of oeshophagus.	In wall of visceral organs, in hair muscles.	Form the myocardium of the heart.
3. Arrangement	In bundles.	Act as sheets in visceral organs.	Form continous network in the body.
4. Size	Long, with blunt ends.	Short, with pointed ends.	Short, with flat ends.
5. Shape	Cyllindrical.	Spindle-shaped.	Cyllindrical.
6. Sarcolemma	Surface membrane.	Plasma membrane.	Plasma membrane.
7. Nucleus	Multinucleate.	Uninucleate.	Uninucleate.
8. Myofibrils	Dark and light bands are present.	No bands are present.	Bands are present.
9. Mitochondria	Numerous.	Less in numbour.	Very numerous.
10. Branching	Unbranched.	Unbranched.	Branched.
11. Mode of contraction	Contract rapidly for short period as soon as they get fatigued.	Contract slowly for long period and do not get fatigued.	Contract rapidly, rhythmically and do not get fatigued.
12. Intercalacted Disc	Absent.	Absent.	Present.

 

10. Name the following:
(a) Tissue that forms inner lining of our mouth. Squamous epithelium
(b) Tissue that connects muscle to bone in humans. Tendon
(c) Tissue that transports food in plants. Phloem
(d) Tissue that stores fart in our body. Adipose tissue
(e) Connective tissue whose matrix is fluid. Blood
(f) Tissue present in the brain. Nervous tissue

11. Identify the type of tissue in the following:
(i) Skin: Squamous epithelium
(ii) Bark of Tree: Cork
(iii) Bone: Connective tissue
(iv) Lining of Kidney Tubule: Cuboidal epithelium
(v) Vascular Bundle: Conductive tissue.

12. Name the regions in which parenchyma tissue is present.
Parenchyma is present in the cortex in stem, the mesophyll in leaf and also as aerenchyma in aquatic plants.

13. What is the role of epidermis in plants?
The role of epidermis in plants is:
(i) It plays a protective role as it protects all the plant parts.
(ii) It forms the entire covering of a plant.
(iii) It posses stomata for gaseous exchange and transpiration.

14. How does cork act as a protective tissue?
The cells of cork are dead and are compactly arranged. They have no intercellular spaces. They posess a deposition of suberin on the walls and it makes impervious to gases as well as the water. Cork forms later without leaving the intercellular spaces. The cork protects from the excessive water loss and affects the environent thus.

Tissues-2

Exercises (pg 79)
1. Define the term “tissue”.
Tissue is a group of cells which have common origin and structure and perform similar functions.

2. How many types of elements together make up xylem tissue? Name them.
The elements which make up xylem tissue are:
(i) Vessels: They are narrow tube-like structures having annular and spiral thickenings in
proto-xylem. They are dead.
(ii) Tracheids: They are elongated tube like structures. They do not have perforations or
openings at their end. They are also dead.
(iii) Xylem parenchyma: They are the only living elements in xylem and are also called
wood parenchyma.
(iv) Xylem fibres: They are long, slender and pointed dead sclerenchymatous cells. They are called wood fibres. They have small pits and thickened walls.

3. How are simple tissues different from complex tissues in plants?

Simple	Complex
1. They are made up of one type of cells with uniform mass.	These are composed of more than one type of cells.
2. Their cells are similar in structure and function,	Their cells are different in structure and function.
3. eg – Parenchyma, Collenchyma, Sclerenchyma	eg – Xylem, Phloem

4. Differentiate between Parenchyma, Collenchyma and Sclerenchyma.

Nature	Parenchyma	Collenchyma	Sclerenchyma
1. Shape	Isodiamtetric, oval or spherical.	Elongated.	Angluar.
2. Cell wall	Thin and cellulosic.	Unevenly thickened with cellulose at corners with lignin.	Evenly thickened with pectin.
3. Vacuole	Single large.	Small.	Does not have any.
4. Nucleus	Present (living cells).	Present (living cells).	Absent (dead cells).
5. Intercellular spaces	Found.	Mostly absent.	Absent.
6. Occurence	Cortex of roots, ground tissue in stems, mesophyll of leaves.	Below epidermis in stems. However, genrally absent in roots and leaves.	Stems, veins of leaves and hard covering of seeds.
7. Functions	Stores food, provides support, food manufacture by photosynthesis (only if chloroplast is present)	Gives mechanical support, makes food (only if chloroplast are present)	Provides mechanical strength, helps in conduction, protective in function.

5. What are the functions of stomata?
The functions of stomata are:
(i) The exchange of gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide).
(ii) Transpiration takes place by means of stomata found in leaves.

7. What is the specific function of cardiac muscle?
The main function of the cardiac muscle is rhythmic contraction and relaxation of heart wall throughout life withut fatigue under the normal coditions.

Tissues -1

Tissues
Questions (pg 69)
1. What is a tissue?
Tissues are a group of cells that are similar in structure and or work together to achieve a particular function.

2. What is the utility of tissues in multicellular organisms?
Tissues provide protection, mechanical strength and give highest possible efficiency of function to the organisms.
Questions (pg 74)
1. Name types of simple tissues.
The types of simple tissues are:
(i) Parenchyma
(ii) Collenchyma
(iii) Sclerenchyma

2. Where is apical meristem found?
Apical meristem is found at the growing tips of root and stem in the plants.

3. Which tissue makes up the husk of coconut?
The sclerenchyma tissue makes up the husk of coconut.

4. What are the constituents of phloem?
The constituents of phloem are:
(i) Sieve tubes: They are tubular cells having perforated walls.
(ii) Companion cells: They transport food from the leaf to other parts of the plant body.
(iii) Phloem fibers: They are the only dead cells in phloem.
(iv) Phloem parenchyma

Questions (pg 78)
1. Name the tissue responsible for the movement of our body.
The muscular tissue is responsible for the movement of our body.

2. What does a neuron look like?
A neuron looks like a long thread like structure.

3. Give three features of cardiac muscles.
Three features of cardiac muscles are:
(i) They are involuntary in action.
(ii) They occur only in the heart.
(iii) They have intercalated discs and do not feel fatigue.

4. What are the functions of areolar tissue?
The functions of areolar tissue are:
(i) They act as a supporting and packaging tissue.
(ii) It helps in repair of tissues after injury.
(iii) It fixes skin to underlying muscles.
(iv) It helps in combating foreign toxins.

Osmosis

Animal Cell